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-Deliver several Lunar Surface Innovative Initiative lunar surface technologies (e.g., PRIME1,Deployable Hopper, Nokia 4G/Wireless) to the surface the Moon in partnership with CommercialLunar Payload Services (CLPS) of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate; and-Deliver qualified thrusters from Frontier Aerospace for flight qualification on Astrobotic'sPeregrine Lander CLPS mission to Lacus Mortis, a large crater on the near side of the Moon. Early Stage Innovation and Partnerships spur collaboration with innovators across the Nation tocapitalize on the ideas, talent, and experience of a diverse set of contributors to achieve Agencyobjectives. Efforts include targeting clean energy and climate-related technology challenges,expanding the number of NASA Innovative Advance Concept awards and exploring innovation pilotsto enable breakthrough technology research and development in support of U.S. competitiveness.Expand engagement with the Nation’s innovators through the Phase II continuations of Deep SpaceFood, Break the Ice and Watts on the Moon challenges, as well as additional prize funding to developnew prizes, potentially in partnership with SMD, ARMD, and/or other Government agencies. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR)programs leverage the Nation’s innovative small business community to support early-stage researchand development in support of NASA's mission in human exploration, science, and aeronautics.Efforts include additional emphasis on (1) engaging a broad, diverse base of innovators through theprogram, especially in engagements with Minority Serving Institutions and Historically BlackColleges and Universities; and (2) entrepreneurial engagement to encourage commercialization andeconomic impact.FY 2020 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-93, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, as adjusted in NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan, except ExplorationGround System Development and Exploration CoF. Table does not reflect emergency supplemental funding provided for NASA and included in the Safety, Security, and Mission Servicesaccount, as specified in Public Law 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, totaling 60.0 million. FY 2021 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law116-260, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, as adjusted by NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan.

FY 2022 Budget RequestSpace Operations( Millions)Space OperationsInternational Space StationSpace TransportationCommercial Crew ProgramCrew and Cargo ProgramSpace and Flight Support (SFS)Human Space Flight OperationsLaunch ServicesRocket Propulsion TestCommunications Services ProgramSpace Communications and NavigationCommercial LEO DevelopmentGrand TotalFY 46.72.7598.715.04,134.7FY 47.623.4506.017.03,988.2FY .747.842.0522.6101.14,017.4FY 47.851.2489.8186.14,109.3FY 48.058.9483.8186.14,103.3FY 48.058.9483.8186.14,103.3FY 48.058.9483.8186.14,103.3The FY 2022 Budget for the Space Operations account consists of four areas: International Space Station(ISS), Space Transportation, Space and Flight Support (SFS), and Commercial LEO Development.International Space Station (ISS) NASA is working to foster a robust commercial ecosystem in low-Earth orbit (LEO) in which NASAwill be one of many customers. Through the ISS, NASA currently meets its own requirements forresearch and technology development, while also supporting a burgeoning community of non-NASAusers. Over time, NASA has been and will be transitioning various aspects of human spaceflightoperations in LEO to the private sector. This includes a transition over time from the ISS to the use ofcommercial space stations, when they become available. As the world’s only crewed space-based multinational research laboratory and technology test bed,ISS supports the emerging commercial ecosystem in LEO, as well as the future of deep space humanexploration. The ISS:-Promotes commerce in space through public-private partnerships as new commercializationconcepts are explored and stimulates non-NASA demand to support commercial destinationsbeing developed under the Commercial LEO Development program;-Advances exploration of the solar system and enables scientists to identify and quantify risks tohuman health and performance, develop countermeasures, and develop and test technologies thatprotect astronauts during extended human space exploration;-Supports unique research and development opportunities in the areas of biological and physicalscience;-Maintains the ISS international partnership that has brought together astronauts and scientistsfrom dozens of spacefaring nations in peaceful cooperative activity; and-Supports current and planned Earth and Space Science observation missions.Space Transportation Continues NASA’s partnership with U.S. commercial space industry to develop and operate safe,reliable, and affordable systems to transport crew to and from ISS and LEO. This strategy will lay thefoundation for more affordable and sustainable future human space transportation capabilities, bolsterFY 2020 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-93, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, as adjusted in NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan, except Exploration GroundSystem Development and Exploration CoF. Table does not reflect emergency supplemental funding provided for NASA and included in the Safety, Security, and Mission Services account, asspecified in Public Law 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, totaling 60.0 million. FY 2021 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-260,Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, as adjusted by NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan.

American leadership, reduce our current reliance on foreign providers for this service, and helpstimulate the American aerospace industry. Sustains NASA’s ISS cargo supply function in partnership with American private industry. Continues to advance commercial spaceflight and generate American jobs.Space and Flight Support (SFS) Provides mission-critical space communications and navigation services to customer missions,including human spaceflight, science, and commercial crew and cargo missions. Advances next-generation space communication technologies, including optical communications,Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking, and autonomous navigation, to reduce costs and improveperformance. Begins projects demonstrating the use of commercially provided communication services to supportNASA missions. Supports the readiness and health of the crew for all NASA human spaceflight endeavors. Provides safe, reliable, and cost-effective launch services for civil sector missions, as well as launchrelated support to NASA missions in development. Continues to strategically manage NASA’s rocket testing core capability to meet U.S. rocket testingrequirements.Commercial LEO Development Stimulates a commercial LEO space economy by partnering with U.S. private industry to enabledevelopment of LEO capabilities. Focuses on expanding access to space platforms to support the utilization of space by U.S. citizens,companies, academia, and international partners. Supports enabling, developing, and deploying commercial orbital destinations that NASA can use forresearch and technology demonstration purposes. Develops policies and practices that define commercial ISS usage and pricing.FY 2020 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-93, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, as adjusted in NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan, except Exploration GroundSystem Development and Exploration CoF. Table does not reflect emergency supplemental funding provided for NASA and included in the Safety, Security, and Mission Services account, asspecified in Public Law 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, totaling 60.0 million. FY 2021 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-260, ConsolidatedAppropriations Act, 2021, as adjusted by NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan.

FY 2022 Budget RequestScience( Millions)FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 2024 FY 2025 FY 2026Science7,143.1 7,300.8 7,931.4 8,095.6 8,272.9 8,455.7 8,643.4Planetary Science2,712.6 2,699.8 3,200.0 3,238.3 3,294.3 3,254.3 3,180.6Astrophysics1,306.2 1,356.2 1,400.2 1,461.8 1,505.6 1,526.6 1,623.7James Webb Space hysics724.5751.0796.7810.3823.6840.7865.7Earth Science1,971.8 2,000.0 2,250.0 2,293.5 2,348.3 2,523.0 2,652.3Biological and Physical Sciences5.079.1109.1119.1129.1139.1149.1Grand Total7,143.1 7,300.8 7,931.4 8,095.6 8,272.9 8,455.7 8,643.4NASA’s Science budget, managed by the Science Mission Directorate, includes five major science areasas well as the James Webb Space Telescope which is funded separately from Astrophysics. These areasinclude: Earth Science to enhance understanding of Earth systems and to observe the effects of climatechange. The Budget invests heavily in climate and applications research, begins formulation of thefirst four Designated Observable missions, and initiates the Earth System Explorers program(consistent with Decadal Survey recommendations). The Budget also supports the ongoingdevelopment of the Earth System Observatory including PACE, CLARREO Pathfinder, NISAR,SWOT, and Landsat 9. Planetary Science to explore the planetary bodies of our solar system. The Budget funds the LunarDiscovery and Exploration program that supports public-private partnerships and innovativeapproaches to achieving human and science exploration goals. The Budget maintains support for thePlanetary Defense program for near-Earth object detection and mitigation, including the Near-EarthObjects Surveyor mission. It also contains funding to explore new destinations in the solar system,such as the Europa Clipper and Dragonfly missions, and a robust competitive Discovery program,including Psyche and Lucy. The Budget supports a Mars Sample Return mission with keyinternational partnerships, which will launch as early as FY 2026 and return samples to Earth. TheBudget also supports the VIPER mission, which will explore the south pole of the Moon after itscommercial lunar delivery in 2023. Astrophysics to study the universe and search for Earth-like planets. The Budget supportsdevelopment of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope planned for launch in 2026 and continuesoperations of the Hubble Space Telescope. The Budget includes funding for a competitive Explorersprogram, including recent selections, such as IXPE and SPHEREx, as well as new selections everytwo to three years. The Budget also supports initiation of a probe-class mission in FY 2022 pendingDecadal Survey recommendations. The Budget supports ending the SOFIA mission. SOFIA’s annualoperations budget is the second-most expensive operating mission in the Astrophysics Division, yetthe science productivity of the mission is not on par with other large science missions. The James Webb Space Telescope will explore all phases of our cosmic history – from within oursolar system to the most distant observable galaxies in the early universe, and everything in between.Webb will seek the first stars that formed in the early universe, observe the formation of galaxies andprotoplanetary systems, and explore potentially habitable exoplanets. The Budget supports a launch inOctober 2021.FY 2020 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-93, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, as adjusted in NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan, except Exploration Ground SystemDevelopment and Exploration CoF. Table does not reflect emergency supplemental funding provided for NASA and included in the Safety, Security, and Mission Services account, as specified in Public Law116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, totaling 60.0 million. FY 2021 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-260, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, as adjustedby NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan.

Heliophysics to study the Sun and its influence throughout the solar system. The Budget supports theInterstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe, new missions of opportunity within the Solar TerrestrialProbes program, and new Explorer mission selections (e.g., PUNCH, AWE, and TRACERS). TheBudget includes funding for the Geospace Dynamics Constellation mission, the DRIVE initiative, andinteragency efforts to improve space weather predictive capabilities (all priorities in the DecadalSurvey). Biological and Physical Sciences to better understand how biological and physical systems work byobserving them in ways not possible on Earth. The Budget supports space biology investigations,which seek to understand how living organisms respond to and evolve in the spaceflight environment,and physical science investigations to examine the fundamental laws of the universe from the uniquevantage point of space.In effectively managing this portfolio, the Science Mission Directorate: Focuses on three interdisciplinary objectives:-Discovering the secrets of the universe;-Searching for life in the Solar System and beyond; and-Protecting and improving life on Earth.Supports approximately 100 space missions:-Approximately 45 missions preparing for launch and approximately 55 operating missions-In addition, ongoing flights of sounding rockets, aircraft, and high-altitude balloons andassociated science payloadsInvests in world-class scientific research conducted by more than 10,000 U.S. scientists:-More than 3,000 openly competed research awards with universities, industry, and Governmentlabs-World-leading research, frequently highlighted on the covers of Science, Nature, and majornewspapersExecutes innovative partnerships to enhance science and innovation, for example by:-Purchasing Earth Science observation data from commercial SmallSat constellations to augmentor complement observations acquired by NASA;-Leveraging commercial partnerships to deliver science and technology payloads to the Moon;-Leveraging data and expertise through collaborations with other Federal agencies, such as USGSand NOAA;-Collaborating with nations across the globe on NASA missions and science; and-Enabling science learners across the U.S. through partnerships with community-based organizations. Enables the use of NASA science data to inform decision-makers in support of vital national needs,including disaster response, space weather prediction, and planetary defense Develops innovative technologies to enable advances in future missions and observationalcapabilities, for example:-Optics and detectors to characterize habitable planets around other stars;-Sensors to look for signs of past or present life on Mars and other planetary bodies; and-Instruments to advance our understanding of Earth’s natural systems.FY 2020 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-93, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, as adjusted in NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan, except Exploration Ground SystemDevelopment and Exploration CoF. Table does not reflect emergency supplemental funding provided for NASA and included in the Safety, Security, and Mission Services account, as specified in Public Law116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, totaling 60.0 million. FY 2021 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-260, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, as adjustedby NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan.

FY 2022 Budget RequestAeronautics( Millions)AeronauticsAeronauticsAirspace Operations and Safety ProgramAdvanced Air Vehicles ProgramIntegrated Aviation Systems ProgramTransformative Aero Concepts ProgramAerosciences Eval. & Test Capab. ProgramGrand TotalFY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 2024 FY 2025 FY .9828.7914.8933.7954.1975.2996.8NASA Aeronautics conducts research to advance the safety, capacity, and efficiency of the airtransportation system, reduce emissions, and sustain U.S. technological leadership in the aviationindustry.NASA is starting a new initiative in Aeronautics, the Sustainable Flight National Partnership (SFNP).This partnership aims to accomplish the aviation community's aggressive climate change agenda andenhance America’s global leadership in aviation. NASA Aeronautics' cost-sharing partnerships with U.S.industry will enable the next generation single-aisle transport, expected by the early 2030s, to be a gamechanging, ultra-efficient and low-carbon emitting design at least 25 percent more fuel-efficient thantoday.The budget request supports five programs within the Agency’s aeronautics portfolio: Airspace Operations and Safety Program (AOSP) works in close partnership with the FederalAviation Administration and the aviation community to modernize and transform the national airtraffic management system. The program is on the leading edge of research on increasinglyautonomous aviation systems, including innovation in the management of Unmanned AircraftSystems traffic and other novel aviation vehicles. The program is also pioneering the integration andanalysis of data to support in-time system-wide safety assurance. In FY 2022, AOSP will:- Conduct a simulation of initial trajectory management services to enable efficient,environmentally sustainable operations;- Complete simulations and flight tests of automated in-flight safety/risk assessment tools withalternate proactive and fail-safe mitigation methods; and- Provide data from a collaborative simulation that addresses a key barrier to assessing the need forincreasingly autonomous technologies to support remotely operated vehicles. Advanced Air Vehicles Program (AAVP) conducts research to meet the nation’s growing long-termcivil aviation needs. The program works in close partnership with academia, industry, and othergovernment agencies to pioneer fundamental research and to mature the most promising technologiesand concepts for transition to the user community, including demonstration of technologies criticalfor the SFNP. In FY 2022, AAVP will:- Validate prediction tools in order to use them for the X-59 validation process. These tools willpredict noise values measured during flight;- Complete a Critical Design Review of a turbofan engine to determine the impact of large-scalepower extraction from both high- and low-pressure engine spools;FY 2020 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-93, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, as adjusted in NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan, except Exploration GroundSystem Development and Exploration CoF. Table does not reflect emergency supplemental funding provided for NASA and included in the Safety, Security, and Mission Services account, asspecified in Public Law 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, totaling 60.0 million. FY 2021 reflects funding amounts specified in Public Law 116-260,Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, as adjusted by NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan.

- Conduct buffet testing of a Transonic Truss-Braced Wing design to help understand theaerodynamics of the concept; and- Complete validation testing of hover performance for Urban Air Mobility vehicle noise andprediction and assessment tools. Integrated Aviation Systems Program (IASP) funds the Sustainable Flight Demonstrator Project,which will build a full-scale, ultra-efficient X-plane to pave the way to a significant reduction

116-260, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, as adjusted by NASA's FY 2021 Initial Operating Plan. The FY 2022 Budget for the Deep Space Exploration Systems account consists of two areas, Exploration Systems Development (E