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178.Martin ShelleyOmar SiddiquiMichael SiminovitchEric SimpkinsDave SjodingPaul SklarMary SmithJeremy SnyderSriram SomasundaramB.J. SonnenbergMark SteeleJay SteinCharlie StephensEric StrandbergDon SturtevantDennis SymanskiJuming TangNate TaylorJudy ThoetBrinda ThomasJames ThomasDavid ThompsonKim ThompsonRandy ThornJohn ThorntonMy TonIdaho Power CompanyElectric Power Research InstituteUniversity of California Davisfuel cell industryWashington State University Energy ProgramEnergy Trust of OregonSnohomish PUDRensselaer Polytech. Inst. Lighting Research Ctr.Pacific Northwest National LabEmerson Network Power Energy Systems, USANORPAC Foods, Inc.E SourceNorthwest Energy Efficiency AllianceLighting Design LabJ.R. Simplot, Co.Electric Power Research InstituteWashington State UniversitySan Diego Gas & ElectricWA Assoc. of Wine Grape GrowersCarnegie Mellon UniversityGlumacAvista CorporationBonneville Power AdministrationIdaho Power CompanyNorthwest Food Processors Assoc.Collab. Labeling and Appliance Stds. 2.203.204.Paul TorcelliniGreg TowsleyJoe VaccherCory VanderpoolStephanie VasquezBruce VerheiPradeep VittaJim VolkmanAlecia WardXudong WangCarolyn WeinerEric WerlingTheresa WestonMark WhitneyGeoff WickesSarah WidderMarcus WilcoxRobert WilkinsJuliana WilliamsJennifer WilliamsonBill WilsonJeremy WilsonChris WolgamottJerry WrightJack ZeigerBrian ZoellerNational Renewable Energy LabGrundfosEugene Water & Electric BoardEnOcean AllianceBonneville Power AdministrationMountainLogic, Inc.Southern CompanyStrategic Energy GroupWeidt GroupAir-Cond., Htg., and Refrig. InstitutePacific Gas & ElectricU.S. Dept. of Energy Building America ProgramDupont InnovationsPortland General ElectricNorthwest Energy Efficiency AlliancePacific Northwest National LabCascade Energy, Inc.DanfossCascade Power GroupBonneville Power AdministrationWashington State University Energy ProgramPCS UtiliDataEugene Water & Electric BoardSeattle City LightWashington State University Energy ProgramBonneville Power AdministrationE N E R G Y E F F I CI E N C Y T E CH N O L O G Y R O A D M A P V o l u m e 1 : I n t r o du c t i o n & B a c k g r o u n d i v

S PECIAL T HANKSWhile the Bonneville Power Administration has funded and managed theoverall development and maturation of this Energy Efficiency TechnologyRoadmap, the effort would not have been possible without the activeengagement of a diverse array of subject matter experts fromorganizations and institutions throughout North America. Since thebeginning of this roadmapping project in late 2009, more than 200participants representing 119 organizations have contributedapproximately 5,120 hours and 1,100,000 worth of voluntary input.Their expertise is essential to this project.Members of the Regional Emerging Technology Advisory Committee(RETAC) played a key role the roadmap’s creation. Those membersinclude representatives from Bonneville Power Administration, NorthwestPower and Conservation Council, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance,Electric Power Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Washington State University Energy Program, Energy Trust of Oregon,Puget Sound Energy, Snohomish Public Utility District, Seattle City Light,Idaho Power, and Avista. RETAC member input was critical in laying thegroundwork for the Roadmap Portfolio and has been as important as theproject has matured.needed to continue fine-tuning this portfolio. Without the help ofcontractors from the Engineering and Technology ManagementDepartment at Portland State University, the Washington State UniversityEnergy Program, and Livingston Energy Innovations, this roadmap wouldbe much less robust than it is today.Finally, a special thanks to our partners at the Electric Power ResearchInstitute who brought their collective expertise to bear in 2012 toevaluate the current status of R&D projects and programs for this latestversion. EPRI expertise and support was also essential in convening theNational Energy Efficiency Technology Roadmapping Summit in Portland(Aug. 8 and Sep. 24–27, 2012). Since this event, EPRI and BPA havecontinued to work together to communicate the value of this resourceand begin to build a broader collaboration for EE technologyroadmapping and R&D tracking.There is still much collaborative work to be done to improve ourunderstanding of the current energy efficiency technology researchlandscape but we are making strides in the right direction and we trulyappreciate the dedication and contributions of all who have been a partof this important endeavor.Thanks as well to the project team, who worked behind the scenes toplan, coordinate, analyze, evaluate, revise, and prepare everythingFor more information about theEnergy Efficiency Technology Roadmap, contact:v MARCH 2015James V. Hillegas-EltingProject ManagerBPA Technology [email protected], 503.230.5327Back to Table of Contents

F ORWARDTechnology has played a central role in the Northwest’s development,from the Federal Columbia River Power System to technology giants likeBoeing, Microsoft and Intel to thousands of businesses, universities andlaboratories. In the Northwest, irrigation is high tech.This savvy has allowed the region to meet half of its load growth throughcost-effective investments in energy efficiency for more than thirty years.Through the leadership of the region’s utilities, labs, universities, energyorganizations and private businesses, the Northwest has been able tosuccessfully deliver energy efficiency as a reliable resource.The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Sixth Power Plan callsfor roughly 85 percent of the region’s load growth to be met with energyefficiency by 2030. To meet these goals, we must find ways to increasethe adoption rates of existing products and services. At the same time,we must also strategically target the region’s research and developmentresources into efforts that will produce the technologies needed toenable the products of tomorrow.In December 2009 thirty-five experts from twenty organizations pooledtheir efforts to develop a set of energy efficiency technology roadmaps forthe residential and commercial sectors that would define a researchagenda for the Northwest. The results of the intensive ten-week efforthave been expanded and refined through additional workshops and theintegration of critical comments from experts beyond the region. Revisedversions of the Energy Efficiency Technology Roadmap have beenreleased in March and July 2010; March 2011; March, August, andSeptember 2012; January and March 2013; and March 2014. Theseroadmaps will always be a draft; it is intended as a living document,continuously refined as we move forward.There were two notable additions to these roadmaps commencing withthe March 2012 version. We expanded into two important industrialproduct and service areas: Industrial Food Processing and CombinedHeat and Power (CHP). We also created a new appendix of existing R&Dprograms (Appendix B) to provide expanded and updated informationpreviously contained in the individual “R&D Program Summaries” pages.Beginning with the March 2013 version, the residential and commercialsector R&D program summary pages identify key research questions formost R&D programs.Far more minds are needed to contribute; hence the document is public,freely available for use by others in process, form, and content. Asalways, we are distributing this draft with a request: Please evaluatethese findings with a critical mind and send us your comments. We areespecially interested in filling in any holes in regard to existing researchand development programs. We are not interested in duplicating effortsalready underway elsewhere.We will be collecting feedback on this draft on an ongoing basis. Any andall comments can be sent directly to our project manager, James V.Hillegas-Elting ([email protected], 503.230.5327).Sincerely,Terry OliverChief Technology Innovation OfficerBonneville Power AdministrationE N E R G Y E F F I CI E N C Y T E CH N O L O G Y R O A D M A P V o l u m e 1 : I n t r o du c t i o n & B a c k g r o u n d v i

TABLE OF C ONTENTSProject Team & Support Staff . iWorkshop Participants . iiSpecial Thanks . vForeword . viIntroduction . ixSpecial Introduction: March 2015 . ixPurpose . ixBackground . xiiEnergy Efficiency Roadmaps & Strategy Documents . xviEnergy Efficiency Technology R&D Funding. xixUsing the Roadmap . xxiiDisclaimer . xxiiRoadmap "Swim Lane" Definitions . xxiiRoadmap Diagram Key . xxivHow to Interpret Roadmap Pages . xxviRoadmap Organizational Chart .xxviiiTechnology Area Definitions . xxixvii MARCH 2015

E N E R G Y E F F I CI E N C Y T E CH N O L O G Y R O A D M A P V o l u m e 1 : I n t r o du c t i o n & B a c k g r o u n d v i i i

I NTRODUCTIONRoadmapsCapability GapsTechnologyCharacteristicsR&D ProgramDescriptionsSpecial Introduction : March 2015Building Design / ating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning8112100130Sensors, Meters, EMS6465146Industrial Food Processing4498256Combined Heat and Power352777541435476522Reflecting its function as a live, working document to aid in strategic R&Dplanning, the title of this version of the roadmap has been changed to “EnergyEfficiency Technology Roadmap” (hereafter EE Roadmap). Its constituentchapters have also been broken-out into separate volumes.From 2009-2012, this resource was titled the Northwest Energy EfficiencyTechnology Roadmap; from 2012-2014 it was titled the National EnergyEfficiency Technology Roadmap Portfolio. These titles reflect its evolution from aroadmap with largely regional subject matter expert contributors to one drawingfrom a more extensive range of experts from across North America. One reasonfor this change is to simplify its title. Another is to prepare for future iterationslikely to involve more explicit alignment with BPA’s newest demand-side roadmapresource, the Demand Response Technology Roadmap.1Roadmap chapters have been arranged in stand-alone documents. These“volumes” correlate to chapters in earlier versions addressing residential andcommercial sector topics (Building Design & Envelope; Lighting; Electronics;Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning; Sensors, Meters, and EnergyManagement Systems) and industrial topics (Industrial Food Processing;Combined Heat and Power). Content within these volumes remains unchangedfrom the March 2014 version.Since 2009, more than 200 experts representing nearly 120 researchinstitutions, utilities, and vendors have contributed approximately 5,120 hoursand 1,100,000 worth of voluntary input to develop and refine this resource. TheEE Roadmap includes forty-one technology roadmaps in seven product andservice areas in the commercial, residential, and industrial sectors, as Figure 1identifies.BPA managed a project in 2014 to produce the agency’s first Demand ResponseTechnology Roadmap. The first draft was published in November 2014 and in March 2015a revised version was included as part of the agency’s annual funding opportunityannouncement. See www.bpa.gov/ti for a link to this and the agency’s other technologyroadmaps.1ix MARCH 2015Product & Service AreaTotalsFigure 1. Content of the EE Roadmap.PurposeTechnology roadmapping is a tool that enables organizations to manage time andresource investments more thoroughly and accurately in response to increasingcomplexity and the accelerated pace of change. The defining elements of theroadmapping process are:1. Solicit stakeholder expertise in a structured manner;2. Distill this expertise within an easy-to-navigate deliverable, such as adiagram, document or website; and3. Use the resultant deliverable to help guide planning.The roadmapping approach is defined by some core elements but there is widevariation in how a given organization applies them. The result is that technologyBack to Table of Contents

roadmaps come in an array of formats and are created for a range of purposes.These variations reflect the different missions, cultures, and strategic goals of theorganization(s) developing a given roadmap. As long as the roadmap fulfills thepurposes that stakeholders intended, it can be considered a useful tool.The EE Roadmap exists to define (and refine) a technology research agenda forthe medium and long-term (three to twenty years) to guide institutional andregional investment strategies. It does so by identifying the landscape of energyefficiency R&D programs linked directly to desired technology characteristics andby tracking research needs that are already being addressed. This latter functionprovides confidence to BPA and other stakeholders that R&D project funding isnot redundant and that resources are optimized within a strategic plan. In 2013the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change deemed thisapproach a best practice in the way it clearly connects key organizational driverswith technology needs.The EE Roadmap provides a snapshot of stakeholders’ current perspectives on:1. Key drivers (environmental/global, market, policy and regulatory, andtechnology innovation) affecting the agency in regard to energyefficiency;2. Products/services needed to address identified drivers;3. Technologies needing development to bring non-existing products andservices to the marketplace; and4. Gaps in existing R&D programs designed to address identifiedtechnology needs.Ultimately, the goal of identifying and prioritizing technology R&D gaps allows fora more rational allocation of limited funding and resources by organizations suchas the BPA, national labs, research universities, private businesses, and venturecapitalists.Technology R&D and Emerging Technologies ResearchWith its focus on R&D programs that seek to address business challenges andopportunities in the three-to-twenty-year time horizon, the EE Roadmap fulfillsanother important need. It is distinct from—but complementary to—the efforts ofteams at BPA, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA), and elsewherewhose work involves “emerging technologies.” This work tends to be focusedmore on the nearer-term time horizon (up to thirty-six months) than the R&Dprograms identified in the EE Roadmap.Another way to describe the sometimes subtle differences between these areasof research is in relation to the following categories:Breakthrough: High-risk projects to deliver significant improvements inefficiency, effectiveness, and/or usability but that take longer to bring out ofthe R&D realm and into full market implementation.Incremental: Lower-risk projects offering step-by-step improvements inefficiency, effectiveness, and/or usability in new applications and likely to beready for full market implantation in no more than three years.Confirmational: Lower-risk projects to ratify or corroborate efficiency,effectiveness, and/or usability in new applications, within different climateconditions, or by proving something not yet used at BPA and likely to beready for full market implementation in no more than three years.Just as the BPA Technology Innovation Office seeks to balance risks and projectduration across the agency’s R&D portfolio, the EE Roadmap project team seeksto build roadmap content that balances breakthrough-type research needs withthe shorter-duration incremental and confirmational projects that are generallyconsidered emerging technologies research.BPA’s Energy Efficiency Emerging Technology (E3T) team and NEEA lead thePacific Northwest’s efforts to coordinate regional emerging technology research.This collaboration was a recommendation of the Northwest Energy EfficiencyTaskforce in 2009 (more information below) and is also done in collaborationwith national organizations such as the Consortium for Energy Efficiency and theCalifornia Emerging Technologies Coordinating Council. These groups researchand analyze products and services with the potential to deliver significant energysavings but that may be facing market, behavioral, regulatory, or other barriers tolarge-scale introduction. Thus, emerging technology is defined as as anytechnology that is already available in the marketplace but that is facing one ormore barriers to widespread adoption.Both the EE Roadmap and emerging technologies work strives to bridge“chasms” that exist between an idea and its implementation within utilityprograms as a proven energy-efficient product or service. Tracking R&D programsthrough the EE Roadmap aids the efforts of emerging technologies teams byenabling the more rapid identification of technologies with energy savingspotential; in turn, emerging technologies teams contribute to the work of utilityprograms staff by validating this potential and providing the necessaryquantitative data to determine if a given product or service delivers energysavings.Figure 2 on the following page illustrates how the EE Roadmap project andemerging technology research are both necessary to help “fill the pipeline” ofenergy-efficient products and services for utility programs implementation. Thisdiagram also correlates this process with the Department of Energy’s TechnologyReadiness Levels (TRLs) and identifies two potential “chasms” that can bebarriers to implementing energy-efficient technologies.[continued on p. xii]E N E R G Y E F F I CI E N C Y T E CH N O L O G Y R O A D M A P V o l u m e 1 : I n t r o du c t i o n & B a c k g r o u n d x

Rate of Technology AdoptionBasic Research“Chasm” between emergingtechnologies and utilityprogramsAppliedResearch“Chasm” between R&Dand emerging technologyprogramsDevelopmentDashed:Optimal CumulativeEffect of SuccessiveTechnologiesGreen:Adoption Rate ofSingle TechnologyTimeIterative Process of Research,Lab Tests, EngineeringField Tests,Pilot ProjectsRole of EmergingTechnologies ionTechnologyDemonstration81 2CapacityBuildingCommercial MaturityMarketProgramsCommercial DeclineCodes & StandardsU.S. Dept. of EnergyTechnology Readiness Levels (TRLs)9345 67 8Bonneville Power AdministrationMeasure Readiness Levels (MRLs) [DRAFT]9 3 to 20 years0 to 3 yearsR&D programs tracked in theEE RoadmapEmerging technologiesprograms such as BPA’sEnergy Efficiency EmergingTechnology (E3T) team andthe E3TNW.org databaseCommercializedTime to fullCommercializationUtility programs in the residential,commercial, and industrial sectorsFigure 2. Energy Efficient Technology Commercialization Process. Simplified schematic illustrating a broadly representative example of the process of bringing an idea for an energyefficient product or service through the phases of research, development, design, testing, evaluation, pilot-scale implementation, and commercial introduction and maturity. For comparativepurposes, this general process is roughly correlated with the phases of emerging technologies initiatives, the U.S. Departmen

Maggie Bagan, Bonneville Power Administration (Sep. 2012) Rob Penney & Jack Zeiger (Washington State University Energy Program) (Sep. 2012) R&D Program Research & Analysis Sarah Inwood & Ben Clarin, Electric Power Research Institute . Volume 1: Introduction & Background .