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Irregular VerbsThere are a number of verbs that do not follow the expected spelling patterns when tense changes.Because of this, they are called “irregular.”For most regular verbs, one would simply add “d,” “ed,” or “ied” to show past tense.For example: walk walked, play played, taste tasted, and study studied.Irregular verbs, however, do not follow this rule.Some common irregular verbs are:TellEatMakeSpeakDrinkTakeRunThinkShake* These verbs are currently in present tense.DoBeGoSeeSayGetGiveKnowComeIf we were to take those same verbs and convert them to past tense, they would look like enWentSawSaidGotGaveKnewCame* These verbs have been converted to show simple past tense. The verbs may change evenfurther as the tense changes. Be sure to consult the Verb Tense handout for furtherclarification of these topicsThe same verbs in present progressive tense (an action is in progress)and past continuous tense (an action was is progress in the ingGivingKnowingComing* Notice that in these cases, the continuous tense utilizes the “ing” form of the present tenseof the verb.* When verbs are in this form, the “be” verb is often used as a helping verb with the mainverb.For example:I am telling you the truth. They are making sandwiches.They are seeing a play.She is speaking to you.I am taking a nap.I understand what you are saying.We are running away.We are shaking the tree.He is getting tired.BCCC ASC Rev. 9/2017

The “Do” VerbDo is an irregular verb. Do may be used as a main verb or as a helping verb. Whenever a single word form of“do” is used, or if “do” is the last word in a phrasal verb then it is the principal verb in the sentence. Main verb example: I do the dishes.I can do the dishes.“Do” is the main verb in the phrasal verb “can do.”When any form of “do” is the first word in a phrasal verb, then “do” is the helping verb. Helping verb example: I do think that my daughter should wash the dishes.“Do” is the helping verb; “think” is the main verb.Person &Number1st Person Singular2nd PersonSingular3rd Person Singular1st Person Plural2nd Person Plural3rd Person PluralPerson &NumberPresentPastFutureAction happening nowAction is completedAction to comedodidwill doI do the dishes.You doI did the dishes.You didI will do the dishes.You will doHe/she/it doesthird person singular rule – add “es”We doYou doThey doHe/she/it didHe/she/it will doWe didYou didThey didWe will doYou will doThey will doPresent PerfectPast PerfectFuture Perfect Action began in the past & continuesinto present One action completed beforeanother one took place Action will be complete before aspecific time have/has donehad donewill have done1st Person SingularI have done the dishes many times.2nd Person Singular3rd Person SingularYou have doneHe/she/it has donethird person singular rule – use the“s” form of the helping “have” verbWe have doneYou have doneThey have done1st Person Plural2nd Person Plural3rd Person PluralPerson &Number1st Person Singular2nd Person Singular3rd Person Singular1st Person Plural2nd Person Plural3rd Person PluralI had done the dishesbefore I watched TV.You had doneHe/she/it had doneI will have done the dishesby the time you arrive.You will have doneHe/she/it will have doneWe had doneYou had doneThey had doneWe will have doneYou will have doneThey will have donePresent ContinuousPast ContinuousFuture ContinuousPresent “be” verb doingPast “be” verb doingWill be doingI am doing the dishes.You are doingHe/she/it is doingthird person singular rule –use the“s” form of the “be” verbWe are doingYou are doingThey are doingI was doing the dishes.You were doingHe/she/it was doingI will be doing the dishes.You will be doingHe/she/it will be doingWe were doingYou were doingThey were doingWe will be doingYou will be doingThey will be doingBCCC ASC Rev. 9/2017

The “Do” Verb: Common Use and PracticeUsing “do” to form questions:Using “do” for emphasis: Do you like to wash dishes?o Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Do you like to write poems?o I do! Writing poetry is my favorite hobby. Does she like to wash dishes?o Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t. Does John want to go fishing on his day off?o He does! He is really looking forward toit. Do they like to help with cleaning up?o Yes, they do. /No, they don’t. People who smoke cigarettes do haveincreased health risks.Idioms that include “do” and their meaning: Do over – repeat; redecorate Do you read me – do you understand; do youhear me Do without – to not have something Do away with – eliminate Easy does it – stay calm, take your time Do a double take – take a second look That does it – something is finished; mightimply angry frustration Do a one – eighty – to make a change; onehundred and eighty degree turn; opposite How does that grab you? – What do youthink? Does a heart good – satisfying feeling Do your thing – be yourself; be active in theactivities that are of interest to youPractice Exercises:Select the form of the verb “do” that is most appropriate for each situation.There are some sentences that may have more than one correct answer. For instance, in the first sentence, both“do” and “did” are grammatically correct. The selection of “do” indicates that the subject (I) still does exercisesevery morning. The use of “did” indicates that the subject used to do exercises every morning but has stopped. Inthis instance, either could be correct. Context clues can be used to determine which should be used in a largerbody of work. Consult with a tutor to get some help building strategies for this type of situation. You may alsowork with a tutor to determine why one answer might be chosen over another in these examples.I (do/ did/ does/ doing) strengthening exercises every morning.She (do/ did/ does/ doing) strengthening exercises every morning but doesn’t any more.They (had done/ has done/ have done) this before.They (do play / did play / does play / doing play) baseball last summer.She (had done/ has done/ have been doing) her homework for this chapter.She (has done/ had done/ had been doing/ have been doing) her homework for this chapter when the phonerang.She (have done/ had done / has been doing) her calculus homework.BCCC ASC Rev. 9/2017

The “Be” VerbTo Be is an irregular verb that often acts as a “linking verb.” Meaning, it links the subject of a sentence to a word or groupof words that renames or describes the subject For example: Bob is happy, or I am exhausted. “Is” and “am’ are forms of the“Be” verb. “It can also act as a “helping verb.” It will come before the main verb. This is often the case with presentcontinuous, and future tenses: I am running. I will fold the laundry. In these examples, “running” and “fold” are the mainverbs, while “am” and “will” are forms of the verb “Be.” Note that in the present tense, the “-ing” form of the main verb is used.Person &NumberPresentPastFutureAction happening nowAction is completedAction to comeiswaswill be1st Person Singular2nd PersonSingular3rd Person Singular1st Person Plural2nd Person PluralI amYou areI wasYou wereI will beYou will beHe/she/it isWe areYou areHe/she/it wasWe wereYou wereHe/she/it will beWe will beYou will be3rd Person PluralThey areThey wereThey will bePerson &NumberPresent PerfectPast PerfectFuture Perfect Action began in the past & continuesinto present One action completed beforeanother one took place Action will be complete before aspecific time have/has beenhad beenwill have been1st Person SingularI have been washing many dishes.I had been washing thedishes before I watched TV.2nd Person SingularYou have been washing manydishesHe/she/it has beenthird person singular rule – use the“s” form of the helping “have” verbWe have been washing manydishesYou have been washing manydishesThey have been washing manydishesYou had been washingI will have been finished thedishes by the time youarrive.You will have been finished3rd Person Singular1st Person Plural2nd Person Plural3rd Person PluralPerson &NumberHe/she/it will have beenfinishedWe had beenWe will have been finishedYou had beenYou will have been finishedThey had beenThey will have beenfinishedPresent ContinuousPast ContinuousFuture ContinuousPresent “be” verb doingPast “be” verb doingWill be doing1st Person SingularI am doing the dishes.2nd Person Singular3rd Person SingularYou are doingHe/she/it is doingthird person singular rule – use the“s” form of the “be” verbWe are doingYou are doingThey are doing1st Person Plural2nd Person Plural3rd Person PluralHe/she/it had been washingI have been doing thedishes.You were doingHe/she/it was doingI will be doing the dishes.We were doingYou were doingThey were doingWe will be doingYou will be doingThey will be doingYou will be doingHe/she/it will be doingBCCC ASC Rev. 9/2017

The “Be” Verb: Common Use and PracticeUsing “be” to form questions: Are you going to wash dishes?oIdioms that include forms of “be” andtheir meaning:Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Is she going to wash dishes?o Be on time. – Arrive at the scheduled time;be punctual. I am broke. – I do not have any money.Yes, she is. /No, she is not. I will be back. - I will return. Will they help with cleaning up?oYes, they will. /No, they will not. This is out of date. – This (food) is nolonger fresh; this (clothing) is no longerfashionable.Practice Exercises:Select the form of the verb “be” that is most appropriate for each situation.There are some sentences that may have more than one correct answer. For instance, in the firstsentence, both “am mowing” and “was mowing” are grammatically correct. The selection of “am mowing”indicates that the subject (I) is still mowing the lawn at this moment, while “was mowing” indicates thatthe subject mowed the lawn earlier but has stopped. In this instance, either could be correct. Contextclues can be used to determine which should be used in a larger body of work.Consult with a tutor to get some help building strategies for this type of situation. You may also work with atutor to determine why one answer might be chosen over another in these examples.I (am mowing /is mowing /are mowing /was mowing /were mowing) the lawn.I (am mowing /is mowing /are mowing /was mowing /were mowing) the lawn this morning.She (am /is /are /was /were) a cake decorator before she started working here.He (am /is /are /was /were) a cake decorator.They (am /is /are /was /were) at the baseball game.They (have been attending / had been attending / has been attending) classes regularly.She (have been attending / had been attending / has been attending) classes regularly.She (have been attending / had been attending / has been attending) classes regularly before shebroke her leg.BCCC ASC Rev. 9/2017